History of Starr County, Texas

Tracing the Roots of South Texas’ Rich Heritage

Starr County, Texas, has a deep and fascinating history that reflects the broader story of South Texas.

Early History

The region has been inhabited for thousands of years, with evidence suggesting that indigenous peoples lived in the area for over 11,000 years. These early inhabitants were hunter-gatherers, relying on the land and the Rio Grande for sustenance. Later, Spanish explorers, including Jacinto García de Sepúlveda in 1638 and Alonso De León in 1687, traveled through the area in search of settlements and trade routes.

Spanish and Mexican Influence

During the 18th century, Spanish settlers began establishing ranches and missions along the Rio Grande. The fertile land made Starr County an ideal location for agriculture and livestock. The area remained under Spanish control until 1821, when Mexico gained independence. Starr County became part of the Mexican state of Coahuila y Tejas, and ranching continued to thrive.

Formation of Starr County

After Texas won independence from Mexico in 1836, Starr County was officially created in 1848. It was named after James Harper Starr, who served as the Secretary of the Treasury for the Republic of Texas. The county seat, Rio Grande City, became a key trading hub due to its location along the river.

Economic Growth and Challenges

Throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries, Starr County’s economy was driven by agriculture, ranching, and trade. The arrival of the railroad in the early 1900s helped boost commerce, connecting the county to larger markets. However, the region also faced challenges, including conflicts related to border security and economic fluctuations.

Modern Starr County

Today, Starr County is part of the Rio Grande Valley and has a predominantly Hispanic population. It remains an important agricultural center, producing sorghum, hay, onions, cantaloupes, lettuce, bell peppers, and honeydew melons. The county also has significant oil and gas reserves, contributing to its economy.